Climate change: what history tells us

My article in Energy Intelligence. "The big technological systems by and through which most fossil fuels are consumed will have to change, and the social and economic systems in which they are embedded will have to change, too".

Oxford Energy Podcast – Russia-Ukraine transit talks: the risks to gas in Europe

Trilateral talks between the EU, Russia and Ukraine on gas transit through Ukraine after the expiry of the current transit contract on 1st January 2020 are on hold. Gazprom’s transit diversification projects, Nord Stream 2 and Turkish Stream, will not be operating at full capacity by that time and arrangements must be made. But there is little sign of progress in the talks to date and political factors, including changes in leadership in Ukraine and Europe, could prevent a deal being done. Companies and governments are assessing the risk of a supply interruption.